What does J/TH mean for a Bitcoin miner?

Joules per terahash — the energy an ASIC spends per unit of hashing work. It is the number that decides profitability: at the same electricity price, the lower-J/TH machine earns the same sats for less power. That is why this catalog sorts by efficiency, not by headline hashrate.

What is the difference between air, hydro and immersion cooling?

Air-cooled units run standalone but are loud (data-center noise levels); hydro and immersion units move heat into liquid, run quieter and denser, but need supporting infrastructure. Home miners usually start air-cooled; industrial deployments increasingly go liquid.

How do I estimate a miner’s daily electricity cost?

Wall power (W) × 24 hours ÷ 1000 × your electricity price per kWh. The table shows this at a $0.10/kWh reference — scale it linearly to your own rate.

Directory · 12 machines · sorted by efficiency

Bitcoin mining hardware.

One number decides mining profitability: efficiency (J/TH) — how many joules a machine burns per terahash. The table leads with it. Specs are manufacturers' typical figures; batches and modes vary — verify with the vendor before buying.

Comparevs

MachineJ/TH ↓TH/sPowerCooling$/day @ 10¢

Antminer S21 XPBitmain · 2024 · The efficiency flagship of the air-cooled S21 line.13.52703,645 Wair$8.75

Antminer S21 ProBitmain · 2024 · The volume workhorse of the current Bitmain generation.152343,510 Wair$8.42

Bitaxe Gammaopen sourceOpen Source (OSMU) · 2024 · Fully open-source lottery miner — the S21 chip on your desk, 18 W.151.218 Wair$0.04

Antminer S21 HydroBitmain · 2024 · Water-cooled density for facilities, not garages.163355,360 Whydro$12.86

Antminer S21Bitmain · 2023 · First of the S21 line — now the value pick of the family.17.52003,500 Wair$8.40

Whatsminer M60SMicroBT · 2023 · MicroBT's air-cooled answer to the S21 generation.18.51863,441 Wair$8.26

Whatsminer M66SMicroBT · 2023 · Hydro-cooled density play for industrial deployments.18.52985,513 Whydro$13.23

Avalon A1566Canaan · 2024 · Canaan's current-generation air-cooled competitor.18.51853,420 Wair$8.21

Avalon Mini 3Canaan · 2024 · Home-friendly heater-miner: quiet enough for living spaces.21.337.5800 Wair$1.92

Whatsminer M50MicroBT · 2022 · Previous-gen unit that still clears margin on cheap power.261142,964 Wair$7.11

Antminer S19j ProBitmain · 2021 · The secondhand-market staple — cheap to buy, needs cheap power.29.51043,068 Wair$7.36

Antminer S9Bitmain · 2016 · The classic that mined an era — today a heater with a hobby.9813.51,323 Wair$3.18

Daily cost is energy only, at a reference $0.10/kWh — your rate decides everything; see electricity prices by country → Revenue depends on network difficulty: live on-chain data → Mining pools live in the services directory →

Quick answers

What does J/TH mean for a Bitcoin miner?: Joules per terahash — the energy an ASIC spends per unit of hashing work. It is the number that decides profitability: at the same electricity price, the lower-J/TH machine earns the same sats for less power. That is why this catalog sorts by efficiency, not by headline hashrate.
What is the difference between air, hydro and immersion cooling?: Air-cooled units run standalone but are loud (data-center noise levels); hydro and immersion units move heat into liquid, run quieter and denser, but need supporting infrastructure. Home miners usually start air-cooled; industrial deployments increasingly go liquid.
How do I estimate a miner’s daily electricity cost?: Wall power (W) × 24 hours ÷ 1000 × your electricity price per kWh. The table shows this at a $0.10/kWh reference — scale it linearly to your own rate.